ABSTRACT
Hydrogen has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hormone-regulating, and apoptosis-resistance properties, among others. Based on a review of the research, the use of hydrogen might reduce the destructive cytokine storm and lung injury caused by SARS-CoV-2 during COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) in the early stage, stimulating ropy sputum drainage, and ultimately reducing the incidence of severe disease. Molecular hydrogen treatment has the potential to become a new adjuvant therapy for COVID-19, but its efficacy and safety require large clinical trials and further confirmation.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of liver damage in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Sichuan area and the effect of antiviral drugs on liver function. METHODS: The clinical data of severe COVID-19 patients admitted to Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center from January 21 to February 24, 2020 were retrospectively collected, including demographic data, clinical manifestations and liver function changes within 1 week after admission to intensive care unit (ICU). The changes of liver function during the course of disease in severe COVID-19 patients were analyzed and summarized, and group analysis was performed. RESULTS: A total of 30 COVID-19 patients with complete clinical data were enrolled. The incidence of severe COVID-19 in elderly men was higher (60.0%), with median age of 61 (47, 79) years old, and those aged 80 or above accounted for 23.3%. The severe COVID-19 patients mainly presented with respiratory symptoms such as fever (96.7%), cough (80.0%) and dyspnea (66.7%). The alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil) and prothrombin time (PT) of 30 patients were increased to various degrees within 1 week after ICU admission, and albumin (ALB) was decreased. (1) The patients were divided into two groups according to whether to take lopinavir/ritonavir (kaletra). It was shown that the incidence of liver dysfunction in patients taking kaletra was significantly higher than those who did not take kaletra (7-day abnormal rate of ALT was 54% vs. 33%, the abnormal rate of AST was 38% vs. 33%, the abnormal rate of TBil was 8% vs. 0%), but there were no statistical differences (all P > 0.05). (2) The patients were divided into normal dose group (500 mg, twice a day, n = 19) and reduced dose group (250 mg, twice a day, n = 5) according to the dosage of kaletra. It was shown that patients taking low-dose kaletra had a smaller effect on liver function within 1 week after ICU admission than those receiving normal dosage, and ALB, TBil in the reduced dose group were significantly lower than those in the normal dose group on the 2nd day after ICU admission [ALB (g/L): 33.3±2.0 vs. 37.5±4.0, TBil (µmol/L): 6.3±3.3 vs. 11.3±4.8, both P < 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS: Severe COVID-19 patients in Sichuan area suffered obvious liver damage in the early course of the disease and have a slower recovery. It is important to pay attention to avoid using drugs that can aggravate liver damage while treating the disease. If there is no alternative drug, liver protection treatment should be considered appropriately.